Ruth Macklin is Professor of Bioethics in the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, New York. She is a member of the Vaccine Advisory Committee of the HIV Vaccine Initiative at the World Health Organization and an elected member of the Institute of Medicine of the U.S. National Academies of Science. She is a past president of the International Association of Bioethics and was recently re-elected to its Board of Directors. Dr. Macklin is author or editor of 11 books and has more than 200 published articles. Her latest book is Double Standards in Medical Research in Developing Countries (Cambridge University Press).